EFEHR Risk MapsThis map illustrates the geographical distribution of the total replacement embodied carbon of buildings (residential, commercial, industrial) within the GEM's European Exposure model v2023.1. The Average Annual Embodied Carbon (AAEC) is also shown as a metric of the environmental consequences of earthquake disasters in the European territory. The AAEC of each European asset is calculated assuming a direct relationship with the average annual economic loss ratios (AALRs) from the latest GEM's Global Seismic Risk Model v2023.1. This model and the underlying databases are based on the best available and publicly accessible datasets and studies, making use of ESRM20 exposure data available here and the GEM vulnerability models available here. Additional details are available from a dedicated GitHub repository.
Martina Caruso, Vitor Silva, Karim Aljawhari, Al Mouayed Bellah Nafeh, Carmine Galasso. Unveiling the Environmental Impact of Earthquakes in Europe, 08 November 2024, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5283610/v1]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5283610/v1.
This work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.
Embodied Carbon (EC): greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and removals associated to life-cycle modules A1-A3 (product stage), A4-A5 (construction stage), B1-B5 (use stage), and C1-C4 (end-of-life stage), excluding the operational energy and water usage. A typical embodied carbon calculation consists in multiplying the quantity of a given material by a carbon factor for the life-cycle modules being considered, e.g., material quantity (kg) × carbon factor (kg CO2e/kg) = embodied carbon (kg CO2e).
Replacement Embodied Carbon (EC): embodied carbon associated with the demolition and replacement of existing damaged buildings, thus accounting for material production (modules A1-A3) and construction (modules A4-A5), as well as end-of-life processes (modules C1-C4) of damaged buildings.
Average Annual Embodied Carbon (AAEC): embodied carbon due to repair and reconstruction activities resulting from earthquake damage.
This model represents the best information that is publicly accessible. While undertaking to provide practical and accurate information, the authors assume no liability for, nor express or imply any warranty with regard to the information contained herein. Users of information expressed herein assume all liability arising from such use.